BPCS-186 MANAGING STRESS UNIT 2 OVERVIEW
IMPORTANT TOPICS ARE HERE :-
- Fight or flight model
- General adaptation syndorme (GAS)
- Cognitive appraisal model
These three topics are most important from the exam point of view. So, you all should read it carefully. Below we have explained the full chapter very easy way, you will understand it very quickly.
UNIT -2 MODELS OF STRESS (NOTES)
TOPICS :-
- Fight or flight response
- General adaptation syndorme (GAS)
- Cognitive appraisal model
- Person-environment fit model (P-E fit)
- Psychodynamic theory
- Genetic constitutional theory
- Diathesis – stress model
(1) FIGHT OR FLIGHT MODEL :-
Cannon put forth the fight or flight response with regard to stress. According to cannon stress is an outcome of an environment demand that was external and that led to an imbalance in the natural steady state of an individual.
When an individual faces a situation that is threatening, she/he will either get ready to fight the threat or may flight or run away from the situation.
(2) GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME (GAS) MODEL :-
Hans selye put forth three stages that are experienced by an individual when he/she is in a situation that is stressful.
Perceived stress — Alarm reaction — Resistance —- Exhaustion
- First stage – ( Alarm reaction ) :-
Similar to fight or flight response, the body is prepared to face the threatening situation. The individual’s body will transfer the energy from body systems that are not required to response to the situation to the body systems that are required to function as a response to the situation at hand.
- Second stage – ( Resistance) :-
The adaptation is maximum and the equilibrium is restored. During this stage, a lot of energy is required thus, the individual continues experiencing physiologic changes such as increased pulse rate, blood pressure etc. The duration of this stage will depend on nature.
- Third stage – ( Exhaustion) :-
When an individual experiences stress for a long period of time, the individual psychological resources deplete and this can have a negative impact on the physical health of the individual and the various illnesses and health related issues.
UNIT-2 EXPLANATION IN HINDI :– https://youtu.be/YqZ1iO3HQSA
(3) COGNITIVE APPRAISAL MODEL:-
The model put forth by Lazarus and his colleagues. The model states that as the individual faces a stressful situation, they carry out appraisal of the situation in terms of primary and secondary appraisal.
Stressors – primary appraisal or secondary appraisal- danger is perceived or no danger – resources insufficient or sufficient – stress experienced – coping – reappraisal.
(4) PERSON- ENVIRONMENT FIT MODEL (P-E FIT) :-
This model was proposed by french, Harrison and Caplan in 1982.
The individual differences exists with regard to needs and abilities and stress is created when there is a misfit between the demands that olan individual is exposed to and the resources that he/she possesses.
(5) PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORY :-
Freud described signal anxiety and traumatic anxiety.
Signal anxiety can be said to occur when an external and objective danger that is consistent with the relationship between stressors and strain is present.
Traumatic anxiety can lead to development of psychopathology.
(6) GENETIC CONSTITUTIONAL THEORY :-
Genotyoe denotes the genetic constitutional of individual
Pheotype is the physiological characteristics of the individual.
(7) DIATHESIS – STRESS MODEL :-
Focuses on the role of both genetics and environment in determining whether the individual will experience stress or not.
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR UNIT 2 :-
- Discuss any three models of stress.
- Discuss the General adaptation syndorme model (GAS) and cognitive appraisal model of stress.
- Discuss the Fight and flight model and Person environment fit model of stress.