BPCS 186 MANAGING STRESS UNIT 3 OVERVIEW
IMPORTANT TOPICS ARE HERE :-
- Factors contributing to stress proneness
These one topics are very important from the exam point of view. So, you all should read it carefully, below we have explained the entire chapter very well, you will understand it very quickly.
UNIT-3 FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO STRESS PRONENESS
TOPICS
- Factors contributing to stress proneness
- Moderators of stress
3.1 FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO STRESS PRONENESS :-
As a tendency of a person to take more stress.
- Type A personality
Schafer(2007), “ Person’s enduring set of habits of thinking, feeling and acting”.
- Type A personality factors :-
- Individual with this type of personality are in hurry to achieve certain objectives.
- They often like competition.
- They are higly alert and display perfectionism.
- They want to achieve much more within a certain time frame.
- Such individual are also likely to be irritable, lack of patience and also angry faster.
- Type A personality components :-
- Status insecuriy
- Hyper-aggressiveness
- Urgency of time
- Free-floating hostility
- Drive towards self- destruction
BPCS 186 UNIT 2 NOTES :- https://ignou.quickjobalert.in/bpcs-186-managing-stress-unit-2-models-of-stress-notes-available/
2) Hostility :-
Schafer (2004) “ Cynicism towards other’s motives and values, easily and frequently roused anger, and a tendency to express that anger towards other’s.”
3) Perfectionism :-
Perfectionism can be described as expectation that an individual may have from self and others on both and these expectations are demanding in nature which seldom leaves chances from compromise.
Perfectionism can be categorised into :-
- Internal perfectionism ( expectations from self)
- External perfectionism ( expectations from others)
4). Procrastination :-
Describing as not donings things/ activities on time and keeping them for later. Procrastination either results from fear, or it can result from laziness, where the individual develops habit of not putting efforts or seeking comfortable.
5). Learned helplessness/ learned pessimism :-
Learned helpless it can be described as tendency to become helpless when frequently faced with events that cannot be controlled.
Learned pessimism more often develops as a result of external circumstances, such as a bad breakup, job loss, injury, illness or other trauma.
Key points :-
- Personalisation
- Permanence
- Pervasiveness
3.2 MODERATORS OF STRESS
The moderators play an important role in the relationship between the stress and corresponding reactions.
- Locus of control (LOC) :-
Rotter (1954) “ An individual with regard to whether the outcome of his/her actions can be attributed to his/her own actions or to events, objects, people outside his/her control.
Individual with internal locus of control displayed better physical and psychological well being.
- Hardiness :-
Hardiness denoting a likeness for challenges, having a strong sense of commitment and strong. Thus, individuals with hardiness are in better position to deal with stress thaan individuals that have low hardiness.
- Social support :-
A person experience stress will be able to deal with it in a better way if he/she has adequate social support. Social support could also be emotional in nature.
- Optimism and pessimism :-
Optimism can also be related to resilience that helps individuals to bounce back from stressful situations.
Pessimistic can get affected by stress and are likely to develops the psycho- physiological disorders.
- Gender and culture :-
Socialization to great extent may depend on gender as well as cultural that can have an impact on not only the personality but also beliefs and attitudes of the individual. And personality, beliefs and attitudes can have impact on how individuals perceives, deals and copes with stress.
IMPORTANT QUESTION FOR UNIT -3 :-
- Explain perfectionism, hostility and learned helplessness as factors contributing to stress proneness.
- Explain the moderators of stress.